Fiqih Ekonomi Digital: Transaksi Online dalam Perspektif Syariah

Abstract

This study examines online transaction practices within the digital economy from an Islamic jurisprudence perspective, focusing on the validity of contracts, the potential for gharar, digital payment mechanisms, and the application of justice and transparency in contemporary Islamic commercial law. The rapid development of digital economic systems has introduced new transaction models that require alignment with Islamic principles. Using a qualitative library research approach, this study analyzes classical and contemporary Islamic jurisprudence, fatwas issued by the Indonesian National Sharia Council (DSN-MUI), and relevant digital transaction regulations. The findings indicate that contracts in online transactions are considered valid as long as they fulfill the essential elements of a sale, including mutual consent and clarity regarding the object of the transaction. Potential gharar, commonly arising due to limited physical interaction with products, can be minimized through detailed product descriptions, accurate images, customer reviews, and transparent return policies. Digital payment systems such as e-wallets, bank transfers, and escrow services are permissible as long as they remain free from elements of riba and do not cause harm to either party. The study also reveals that modern digital platforms have implemented consumer protection mechanisms that support the values of fairness, honesty, and transparency mandated in Islamic commercial practice. Thus, the digital economy can operate in harmony with contemporary Islamic jurisprudence and has the potential to strengthen safer, more efficient, and ethically guided transactions. This study affirms that technological innovation is not contradictory to Islamic law as long as core contractual principles and justice remain upheld.

Keywords: Digital Islamic Economics, Online Transactions, Shariah, Gharar, Digital Payment.